The Great Patriotic War showed with sufficient clarity that the army's armament should ensure the troops' maximum maneuverability; that is, it should be light and compact. Along with this, the need to further increase the power of infantry fire was revealed. When the belligerents' armies are saturated with mechanized means, the most intense battles for the infantry are deployed at short distances and proceed very quickly.
The development of the intermediate cartridge was started again in 1943. At the same time, the designers were tasked with providing the kinetic energy of ammo at a distance of 1000 m of about 196 J (20 km) at a caliber of 7.62 mm with a barrel length of 500-520 mm and a cartridge weight of 15-17 As a result of this work, the cartridge designed by N.M. was recognized as the most thoroughly satisfying tactical and technical requirements. Elizarov and B.V. Semin, who was put into service under the name of the cartridge arr. 1943 The workers of the defense industry plants P.V. Ryazanov, S.D. Orekhov, I.T. Melnikov, V.N. Baskleev, and GAU - N.N. Dubovitsky, A.N. Sergeev, A.R. Emets, A. Ya. Bashmarin and I. Ya. Litichevsky.
Special attention of specialists was attracted by a new German cartridge of 7.92 mm caliber with a sleeve length of 33 mm and a carbine MKV 42 [N] developed for it, which was tested in the army. This cartridge, with a distance of 48 mm, had a mass of 16.2 g. With a bullet mass of 8.2 g and an initial velocity of 700 m / s, it aimed to fire at a distance of 800 m.At the
AMMUNITION CHARACTERISTICS
7.62x39 mm P.S. (57-H-231, steel-core bullet)
Caliber, mm - 7.62
Bullet diameter, mm - 7.9
Bullet length, mm - 26.8
Bullet weight, g - 7.9
Weight of gunpowder, g 3.0
Cartridge weight, g - 16.3 Bullet muzzle
velocity, m / s - 710–725
Muzzle energy, J - 1990–2080
Cartridges with an ordinary bullet "7.62-mm cartridge mod. 1943 with a bullet with a steel core P.S. "(P.S. - a bullet" surrogate "; later they began to use the term -" a bullet with a steel core"), code name -" 7.62 PS ", designed to hit living targets located openly or behind light shelters, fire weapons and non-armored vehicles.
Initially, this cartridge with a bimetallic sleeve had an index - 57-Н-231С. The cartridge with a steel lacquered sleeve, which appeared in the early 1960s, received the index - 57-N-231SL. But over time, it was considered inappropriate to indicate the case material in the cartridge index, and all cartridges with a bullet with a steel core received a single index - 57-N-231.
An ordinary bullet consists of a steel shell clad on both sides with a layer of tombak, a stamped steel core of grade 10 mild steel, and a lead jacket. In the middle part of the bullet, annular knurling is made, into which the muzzle of the sleeve is squeezed when assembling the cartridge. In the 1960s, a pilot batch of cartridges with P.S. bullets was manufactured and tested, the steel shell coated with green varnish instead of tombak.
Tactical and technical characteristics 7.62x39 mm P.S. (with heat-strengthened core)
Caliber, mm - 7.62
Bullet diameter, mm - 7.9
Bullet length, mm - 26.8
Bullet weight, g - 7.9 Propellant
weight, g 3, 0
Cartridge mass, g - 16.4 Bullet muzzle
velocity, m / s - 710–725
Muzzle energy, J - 1990–208
It is made of high-carbon spring-spring steel grades 65G, 70, 75 with subsequent heat treatment. The penetrating effect of bullets with a new core against substantial barriers increased by 1.5-2 times.