With the development of science and technology, mechanical manufacturing technology has undergone profound changes. As the society's demand for product diversification becomes stronger, the proportion of multi-variety, small and medium-sized batch production has increased significantly, and it is difficult to adapt to the high-efficiency, high-quality, and diversified processing requirements using traditional ordinary processing equipment. The application of machine tool CNC technology has greatly shortened the preliminary preparation time for mechanical processing, continuously improved the automation level of the entire mechanical processing process, and also enhanced the manufacturing system's ability to adapt to changes in various production conditions.
The basic components of stepper wire cutting machine include processing program, input device, CNC system, servo system, auxiliary control device, feedback system and machine tool body. The processing program can be written manually (such as when a lathe CNC system processes simple workpieces), and complex processing requirements can be drawn on the computer (such as when milling machines and machining centers process curved workpieces), and then the processing program is generated. The input of the program can be manually input through the panel of the CNC system, or can be transmitted through the computer's communication port using a cable, or it can be transmitted using the computer's USB interface.
The following is an analysis from two aspects: CNC system and drive unit:
1. Selection of CNC system
The CNC system is the "brain" of the stepper wire cutting machine, which calculates and processes machine tool control information. According to the principles of CNC systems, they can be divided into two categories: economical CNC systems and standard CNC systems.
1.1 Economical CNC system
From the perspective of control methods, economical CNC systems generally refer to open-loop CNC systems. They have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient maintenance and debugging, and low operation and maintenance costs. However, they are limited by the torque frequency characteristics and accuracy of stepper motors, feed speed, The three torques restrict each other, and the performance improvement is limited. Therefore, economical CNC systems are often used in CNC wire cutting and some economical CNC lathes and milling machines that do not require high speed and accuracy. They are also widely used in the CNC transformation of ordinary machine tools.
The open-loop CNC system means that the CNC system itself does not have a position detection device. The CNC system sends a certain number and frequency of command pulses, and the drive unit performs machine tool positioning. In the open-loop system, under the influence of external factors, the machine tool does not move or does not move in place, but the system has reached the position when the machine tool has reached the position. At this time, the machining accuracy of the machine tool will be greatly reduced. However, due to its simple structure, quick response, stable and reliable operation, convenient debugging and maintenance, and very low price, it still has the largest market in China.
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