The components involved in protein synthesis include mRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA. Here's a breakdown of their roles:

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

• Function: mRNA carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. It contains the codons that specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
• Reading Direction: The mRNA code is read in the 5' to 3' direction, and the protein is synthesized from the amino (N) terminus to the carboxyl (C) terminus.

Ribosomes

• Composition: Ribosomes are complexes of rRNA molecules and proteins. In eukaryotes, some ribosomes are attached https://hyonhealth.com/nitroethane-unveiled-a-comprehensive-exploration-of-its-chemical-versatility to internal membranes, where they synthesize proteins that will later reside in those membranes or are destined for secretion.
• Catalytic Role: Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis, stitching together amino acids to form a protein molecule.

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

• Function: tRNA molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons on the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that pairs with the codon on the mRNA.

These components work together in a coordinated manner during protein synthesis. The mRNA carries the genetic information, the ribosomes provide the site for protein synthesis, and the tRNA molecules deliver the amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons.