Abstract:
Methylone, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (MDMC), is a synthetic drug that has gained popularity in recent years due to its stimulant and entactogenic effects. Despite its increasing use, there is limited research on the chemical composition and applications of methylone. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical structure, synthesis, and applications of methylone, as well as its potential risks and legal status synthesis methylone.

Introduction:
Methylone is a synthetic drug that belongs to the class of cathinone derivatives. It is structurally similar to other drugs such as mephedrone and MDMA, which are known for their stimulant and entactogenic effects. Methylone was first identified in 2010, and since then, it has gained popularity among drug users due to its ability to produce feelings of euphoria, empathy, and increased energy.

Chemical Composition:
Methylone is a synthetic drug that is chemically similar to other cathinone derivatives. Its chemical formula is C11H13NO2, and its molecular weight is 197.2 g/mol. Methylone is a racemic mixture, consisting of two enantiomers, R-methylone and S-methylone. The (R)-enantiomer is the most abundant form of the drug and is responsible for its psychoactive effects.

Synthesis:
Methylone can be synthesized through several methods, including the reaction of 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl-2-propanone with methylamine or the reduction of 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl-2-propanoyl chloride with lithium aluminum hydride. The synthesis of methylone is often performed in clandestine labs, which poses a significant risk to the safety of the people involved and the environment.

Applications:
Methylone has been reported to produce stimulant and entactogenic effects, similar to those of MDMA. It has been used by individuals seeking to enhance their mental and physical performance, as well as by those seeking a recreational high. Methylone has also been used in the context of drug-facilitated sexual assault, due to its ability to increase feelings of empathy and reduce inhibitions.

Risks:
Methylone use has been associated with several risks, including overdose, addiction, and long-term cognitive and emotional impairment. The drug can cause vasoconstriction, which can lead to cardiovascular problems, and it can also cause dehydration, hyperthermia, and kidney damage. Methylone use has also been linked to psychotic episodes, anxiety, and depression.

Legal Status:
Methylone is illegal in many countries, including the United States, Canada, and the European Union. In the United States, methylone is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, indicating that it has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.

Conclusion:
Methylone is a synthetic drug that has gained popularity in recent years due to its stimulant and entactogenic effects. Despite its increasing use, there is limited research on the chemical composition and applications of methylone. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical structure, synthesis, and applications of methylone, as well as its potential risks and legal status. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of methylone and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies for its use.